When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. Dates. Proper nouns are names of particular individuals, places, or things, such as Josephina, Michigan, Oreo, and United Auto Workers. Capitalizing the Word States If a writer refers to the United States and refers to it only as the States, states must be capitalized. , Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. PepsiCo, based in Purchase, New York, owns Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC, all of which have 29,000 locations, Money differs from other economic assets in that it is the most liquid asset available. Hi, Kelly. Did I miss the memo on this issue? To capitalize or not quoted text after be form, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US. NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. Coordinate conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet & so (FANBOYS). The following sentence is capitalized correctly : I learned that Thor is the god of thunder when I read a book about myths from Norway. These should not be capitalized unless they are the first or last word of the title. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. 6 Does the word federal need to be capitalized? When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. I live to the west of Detroit Michigan. It only takes a minute to sign up. Here are a few sentences with the word "region" in them: If part of a title or headline, the word "region" can be capitalized to conform to title capitalization rules. Back East. Here are a few more examples: When the directional terms are not proper names and are affixed to proper nouns simply to denote direction, they are written in lowercase for example, "southern France", "northern New York", etc. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. So, if a person is from South Africa, south would be capitalized since it's the proper name of the country. As noted in the post, there's no need to capitalize generic directions (only when they're part of a proper noun). Automatically capitalize your email subjects, essay, headline, and article titles. The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. Lowercase with names of nations (southern France) unless they indicate a political division (South Korea). When the word "state" comes after a state's name, it should be capitalized. If the designation is widely known, the "direction" terms are capitalized for instance, "Southern California". For example: But when the terms are used to indicate a region, they are capitalized for example, the "West Coast". I assume CMOS have done reasonable research before arguing against a rigid insistence on 'the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS]' and have thought carefully before arguing against ignoring authors' strong preferences. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? As a result, noun will always be the first capital letter. Capitalize regional terms when they refer to a commonly accepted proper name of an area. Southern, according to a co-author, should not be capitalized because it is an adjective rather than a noun. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Please include the research youve done. As a compass direction, south and southern are not capitalized: Capitalize each term when it is used as a proper name or as part of a proper name, and if the region . The names of things are known as common nouns. In June 1963, the Department provided an initial list of abbreviations, but many had only three or four letters, which were still too long. This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". One exception to this rule: common objects with a country or nationality as part of the name ( french fries, scotch whiskey, venetian blinds, and so forth). As a general thumb rule, if a particular direction (north, south, etc.) South-Eastern Albania? Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. The Midwest is the breadbasket of the United States. In short, it says to capitalize northern, southern, eastern, western and related words when they refer to the PEOPLE in a region or what they DO (i.e., their political, cultural or social activities) or are part of the place name. . Southern belle (from French belle 'beautiful') is a colloquialism for a debutante in the planter class of the Antebellum South. When the word state forms the full name of a specific body, you must also capitalize it. Theoretically Correct vs Practical Notation. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. Are coca cola and pepsi owned by the same company? She moved from the East Coast to the West Coast. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? When words like northern, southern, eastern, or western precede a place name, they arent usually capitalized because they only indicate a general location within a region. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Western States. However, if youre referring to a general location, such as the western winds then western should be lowercase. The FHA insures mortgages for buyers with low credit scores and down payments as low as 3.5%. Do you capitalize Pacific Northwest? In this particular sentence, I is capitalized because it is placed at the beginning of the sentence. Note that it doesn't seem to be treated as a compound proper noun (e.g., searching for "Southeastern Albania" produces an error since Ngrams is case sensitive and there don't seem to be any instances of that capitalization in the Google Books database). The plant common name has to conform to the rules of English, however, so if there's a proper noun in the common name, it must be capitalized. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. As Sven Yargs' answer shows, there is a strong descriptivist argument involved. A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. Some authorities also capitalize titles if they immediately follow the name without the word "the.". The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated. Hi, Chris. If you are merely referring to a . @Devil07, the geographical adjective "southern" is not usurped -- it just means something different. It might be amusing to look for instances of "southern Southern California" or "northern Southern California". The West Coast has beautiful scenery. When north, south, east, and west refer to generic directions (i.e., the points of the compass), they are not capitalized: The master bedroom is in the east wing of the mansion. Should Southern colonies be capitalized? Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? You wouldnt normally unless north and south are part of a proper noun (e.g., South Africa). They live in the western part of the country. The word should only be capitalized if it appears in the body's name. For example: The words are also not capitalized if they only indicate locations or the climate or geography of a region. Posted by The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. 3. Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. Certain regions of California (Bay Area, Southern California, Central Coast, etc.) These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In your first paragraph after the caption you make a good comparison between Wild West and Southern California, but I'm still troubled by a couple of issues. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. In "the eastern portion of Colorado", however, "eastern" is written in small letters since it doesn't denote people or specific culture or practice. Capitalization Do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, etc., unless the word is part of a formal name. Should north East south West be capitalized? Canada, Western European nations and developed parts of Asia; Global Southern countries are those that are less economically developed such as nations in Africa and some parts of Asia [29 . (1) often capitalized: of or relating to any of various population groups having dark pigmentation of the skin (black Americans) (2) : of or relating to the African-American people or their culture (black literature) (a black college) (black pride) (black studies) From Merriam-Webster Dictionary Part of the definition for white When youre talking about Americas West Coast or the Middle East, the directional word is also part of a proper name, and it gets a capital letter. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the Southern food in Tennessee. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the southern winds, southern should be lowercase. Titles should only be capitalized if they precede a proper name when used as part of the name. U.S. Capitalization For WebCT Users in Writing Classes: The "caps" icon (usually immediately before a word) indicates either that the following word ought to be capitalized (for one of the reasons listed here) or, if it is already capitalized, that it shouldn't be. When used as part of a short-form political affiliation, states should also be abbreviated. That means you should lowercase articles, Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. The sentence reads "I turned on north Bolton." When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). For example, "western Massachusetts", "northern New Jersey". The first letter of someone's first, middle, and last name is always capitalized, as in John William Smith . Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? Federal or federal? Do You Capitalize the Word "Queen" in a Sentence? However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. Meaning of Western world and alternative terms, Specifying geography with cardinal directions, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Meaning of " Western world" and alternative terms. However, it is accepted that these are capitalized when discussing the American Civil War, for example, and, as mentioned in this article in the final Summary section, some style guides prefer north and south to always be capitalized when referring generally to these areas of the United States. The direction word makes it a proper noun. South-East Albania? Hi, Lynne. If it's a name, it's a proper noun. But things become tricky once we get down to the details. The main style guides all agree on this, although . Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest). Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. Do not capitalize them when they follow possessive pronouns such as her, his, my, our, your. The seasons arent proper nouns, so theyre not usually capitalized. But in other cases, it is more a matter of convention and habit. My friend is a southerner. When common nouns like party, river, and street are included in a proper name, capitalize them. And Wisconsin is known as the Badger State (not "the badger state") even though its official name is Wisconsin. Racial and ethnic groups are designated by proper nouns and are capitalized. These are not governed entities, but they are official designations. Terms that denote regions of the world or of a particular country are often capitalized, as are a few of the adjectives and nouns derived from such terms. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as "go north on I-90," then you should keep north lowercase. The mines are in the plateaus western region. Another example, "Eastern" in the phrase "Eastern bankers" is capitalized since the word denotes a certain group of people. However, when giving an address, or in tables or other uses in which space is limited, use the US Postal Services symbol system, which consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are always capitalized and no periods are used (for example, NY for New York). Instead, I have compiled a partial list of things people shouldn't capitalize but commonly do anyway. Duck Vs. Loon: How Are These Words Connected? AP Style says it should be capitalized while the Chicago Style Manual says it should be lowercased. If a is used, go with prime minister.). Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. For instance, the term "ecoregion" is used commonly in environmental geography, "bioregion" in biogeography, etc. When words like northern, southern, eastern, or western precede a place name, they aren't usually capitalized because they only indicate a general location within a region. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. Title Case Capitalization (APA 7th) Sentence Case Capitalization (APA 7th) In all cases, though, you should: And if you need help, our expert proofreaders are ready! So, noun will be always first capital letter. Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including phrasal verbs such as play with), adverbs, and subordinate conjunctions. Southern United States, for example, is appropriate because it is located in a specific region. the Southern States the Eastern Seaboard Northern Ireland the Western Hemisphere Capitalize such words as northern, southern, eastern, and western when they refer to the people in a region or to their political, social, or cultural activities. Hi, James. For example, most people would capitalize South London because South London is a well-known part of a famous city. To properly follow AP style guidelines, only use one space after a period, as opposed to the often used double-space. MLA style followsThe Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. When people form a group and give it a name, it should be capitalized. Youd also capitalize the first word and (according to most guides) the last word of a title, regardless of what part of speech they are. Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and.
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